Chaucers Canterbury Tales - Knights Tale :: Chaucer Knights Tale Essays

Chaucers Knights Tale Now you See it, Now you Dont In the Matthean discourse on sin and the kingdom of heaven, Jesus says, And if your eye causes you to sin, pluck it out and spill it from you it is better for you to enter life with one eye than with two eyes to be thrown into the hell of fire. (Matt.19.9). Yet this homily is perhaps better know through the compressed poetry of the King James translation. If thine eye offend thee, pluck it out. Grahically and even grotesquely materialized, the eye is that which offends, that which slides, with terrible corporeality, from the body to the table. In this motto of the visual, it or that which requires excision in the offense, is the self, in an erasure of exteriority. There is no object, no objective it that offends. The gaze and its object are coterminous the eye becomes the screen, the locate of truth--both agent and vehicle of retributive justice. Vision never leaves the body, but sits at its margins--or only leaves it when the ey e is thrown away, and the world becomes encapsulated in a broader metaphoric pad myself, the hole where my eye was, and the eye lying across the room. I begin with this embodied proverb, in part because it troubles, and has always troubled me, rising in the distressing with its self-reflexive and impossible logic. It also haunts the margins of all discourse on vision, informing the point of slippage between self and object we look on, the trap, as Lacan writes, of the gaze (93). In his mournful seminaires on the eye and the gaze, Lacan speaks of the all-seeing spectacle of the world, the inside-out structure of the gaze that fixes us in front of what we see (75) What determines me, at the most profound level, in the visible, is the gaze that is outside. (106) unconnected the it of the Matthean proverb, Lacans eye stands apart from the interplay between subject and object, the ocelli as distinct from the gaze yet both texts seem to describe the act of vision in wrong of a radic al discontinuity between what we see and the self that perceives it both have us fixed before a world--and in Matthew we respond like Oedipus, with self-castration. In Chaucers Knigthts Tale, a tale rich in overlays of visual narratives, one of the first accounts of the operations of the gaze effects a similar kind of inversion, one fully authorized by medieval amatory metaphysics.

The Negative Effects of Child Abuse and Neglect Essay -- Consequences

babyren ar beaten until their bodies no longer heal, they argon scalded with boiling water, they are starved and so dehydrated that their skin shrivels around their fragile bones, they are sexually assaulted and forced to perform all sorts of perverted acts, and they are locked in closets or tied to bed posts for days on end (Koster and Swisher). In the year of 2012, more than four children a day were killed due to child abuse, and the number seems to be steadily rising (Child Abuse Statistics & Facts). Child abuse is a horrible shame that harms many of the children in todays society. One problem with this crime is that it is a silent crime, one that most often happens in the privacy of a familys home. It is sad fact that, due to the crime being hidden, children in society suffer in silence, and not all perpetrators get caught for their crime. However, people need to be aware of the problem, because child abuse has adverse psychological and brotherly effect s. Though child abuse has adverse psychological and social effects, to understand how these effects come about, one would need to know what child abuse is. Child abuse is an act carried out by a childs caretaker or allowed to happen, that results in a range of injuries ranging from death, to serious disabling injury, to emotional distress, to malnutrition and affection (Gelles 14). All these different forms of injuries are what cause children to have psychological and social problems. Doctors, psychiatrists, and legal system all have different interpretations to what defines child abuse. There are varying forms of the definition, but the Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act defines child abuse as, The physical and mental injury, se... ..., Jacquelyn Quiram, and Nancy R. Jacobs, ed. Child Abuse Betraying aTrust. Wylie,TX information Plus, 1995.Lowry, Laura. Personal interview. 8 Nov. 2002.Mammen, Oommen K., David J. Kolko, and Paul A. Pilkonis. Negative Affect and P arental Aggression in Child Physical Abuse. Child Abuse and Neglect 26 (2002) 407-424. faculty member Search phase modulation. EBSCO. Roesch Library, Dayton. 17 Oct. 2002 .Mitchell, Brandon J.A. Personal interview. 8 May 2015.Veltman, Marijcke W. M., and Kevin D. Browne. Three Decades of Child Maltreatment Research Implications for the School Years. Trauma, Violence & Abuse 2 (2001) 215-239. Academic Premier Search. EBSCO. Roesch Library, Dayton. 18 Nov. 2002 .Child Abuse Statistics & Facts ChildHelp Web. 3 June 2015.https//www.childhelp.org/child-abuse-statistics/

Oscar Wilde and His Fairy Tales Essay -- Oscar Wilde Fairy Tales Liter

Oscar Wilde and His Fairy TalesI. IntroductionWilde, Oscar (Fingal OFlahertie Wills) (b. Oct. 16, 1854, Dublin, Ire ?d. Nov. 30, 1900, Paris, Fr.) Irish wit, poet and dramatist whose account rests on his comic masterpieces Lady Windermeres Fan (1893) and The Importance of Being Earnest (1899). He was a spokesman for Aestheticism, the late19th-century movement in England that advocated art for arts sake. However, Oscar Wildes takeoff of his enterprise and, his shaping of his characteristic style of flora could be both(prenominal) considered originating from his fairy tales. It was not until his first collection of fairy tales had rise out that he was regarded as an influential author. The British magazine Elegance, in which his The Selfish Giant is said to be adequately regarded as the perfect works?and, his complete collection of fairy tales are even said to be the quintessence of the pure English language, equates him with the famous Danish writer of fairy tales Hans Christi an Anderson.In order to explore and study the fact why Oscar Wildes takeoff of his enterprise and, his shaping of his characteristic style of works could be both considered originating from his fairy tales, and the social, religious and aesthetic aspects of Oscar Wildes fairy tales, in this essay, I try to analyze from the angles of sociology and religion three of Oscar Wildes fairy tales, namely The blissful Prince, The Selfish Giant and The new-made King, which personally I regard as the most typical characteristic style of Oscar Wildes works.In this essay, the first chapter gives a brief introduction and background of Oscar Wilde and his fairy tales the second chapter summarizes the three fairy tales which I have chosen to study, namely The Happy Prince, The Selfish Giant and The Young King the third chapter expounds from the angles of sociology and religion my personal in-depth study and analysis of the three fairy tales of Oscar Wilde the last chapter gives a personal brief c onclusion of the value of Oscar Wildes fairy tales.II. A Brief Introduction and Background of Oscar Wilde and His Fairy talesOnce upon a time there was a boy named Oscar Wilde. Oscar lived on a faraway way land called Ireland with his mother and father. His parents loved him very much. They would often tell him folklore of their native land that greatly interested Oscar. One day, Oscar ... ...other aspects of society. However, through the use of rhetorical strategies such as manipulation of genre and persona, tone, and allusion he creates a means of expression that goes beyond overt social commentary to speak these beliefs to many, including those who may other disagree with him. By making his views and creating stories immersed in fairy tales and Christianity, Wilde reveals his hope for the future of society and, more importantly, humankind.VI. BibliographyDrabble, Margaret. The Oxford Companion to English Literature. Britain Oxford University Press, 1985.Holy Bible. China China Christian Council, 2001.Oscar Wilde Homepage. (10 Mar, 2004?6 May, 2004)Snider, Clifton. On the Loom of Sorrow.?Eros and Logos in Oscar Wildes Fairy Tales.. (30 Apr. 2004)The editorial departments of Merriam-Webster and Encyclopedia Britannica. Merriam Websters Encyclopedia of Literature. Massachusetts Merriam-Webster, Incorporated, Publishers Springfield, 1995.Wilde, Oscar. The Complete deeds of Oscar Wilde. the U.S. Harper Perennial, 1989.Wilde, Oscar and Jack Zipes. Complete Fairy Tales of Oscar Wilde. the U.S. New American Library, 1996.

Mikes Fish Market :: essays research papers

Case Study Philips NV1. Describe changes in Philips environment occurring during the 1960s and 1970s(a)Philips operates in a very competitive market domestic and internationally. There have been various changes over the last decade, with the emergence of the company from a position near economic failure to a well-known stain that is still lacking in performance. From the 1960s onward, a number of significant changes took place. receivable to the efforts of the GATT General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade barriers fell worldwide. There have been numerous attempts at designing models which describe the competitive environment and the determinants of profitability from Hesperian competitors. The first element is that of the existing competition. Philips market for their products are elevating domestically and emerging internationally, however the environment in which it operated in for both of these markets is highly competitive. The sort in which the products are perceived had cha nged over the last decade may have been seen as a luxury by the domestic markets are now seen as becoming more and more a necessity as technology moves into the home internationally. According to Cahners, the name Philips s is well known, indeed it is ranked as the global brand leader in electronics Cahners Research and in terms of Inter-brands Worlds Most Valuable Brands 2000. However, there are also some problems with this and the way that it has been competing and brand awareness alone does not create sales, socially in a market where there is firm competition.2. Describe why Philips had low profits durng the 1970s and 80s(a)The problem faced by the company may be seen as a result of the lack of change and the inability to draw the way the market was moving. In the 1970s and the 1980s there were different market drivers and challenges. Philips has many different products, and with such a diversified portfolio there has been a spread of risk, but this has also lead to a lack of s pecialization. This is partly being corrected with a concentration on video cassette recorders. However, unlike many other companies in the market, there is not a single association with the brand. Other companies have had a higher level of differentiation due to the way in which they have been able to identify with a single product, and this has enhanced their reputation, such as Sony and Matsushita initiating VHS. This is an industry where reverse engineering is extensive and many competitors allow for be working on similar technologies.

Blade Runner Essay -- Papers

Blade Runner Mise en scene, in discussions of film, refers to the com range of the individual film, the relation of objects, people and masses the interplay of light and dark the pattern of colour the cameras position and angle of view, as well as the movement within the frame. The complete film dictionary. The Ridley Scott film Blade Runner, begins with opening credits, these are plain, bold, white textbook on a black background. This along with quiet music and sudden beats of drums creates a very tense atmosphere and helps with suspense there is a very military feel to this opening sequence. We are then given an update of events, this tells us the film is set in the future and that it is a term when technology has enabled cyborg human clones, colonisation on planets in outer space and a world dominated by Large Corporations, this tells us that the genre of this film is sci-fi. ====================================================================== The opening sequence shows a vast futuristic urban ba...

Blade Runner Essay -- Papers

Blade Runner Mise en scene, in discussions of fill, refers to the composition of the individual depiction, the relation of objects, people and flock the interplay of light and dark the pattern of colour the cameras position and angle of view, as well as the movement within the frame. The complete film dictionary. The Ridley Scott film Blade Runner, begins with opening credits, these are plain, bold, white text on a black background. This along with quiet music and sudden beats of drums creates a very tense atmosphere and helps with suspense there is a very military feel to this opening sequence. We are then given an update of events, this tells us the film is set in the future and that it is a time when technology has enabled cyborg human clones, colonisation on planets in outer space and a founding dominated by Large Corporations, this tells us that the genre of this film is sci-fi. ================================================================= ===== The opening sequence shows a vast futuristic urban ba...

Administer Medication to Individuals Essay

This governs the manufacture and proviso of practice of medicines. This guides that the local anaesthetic pharmacist or dispensing doctor is responsible for supplying music. He or she stick out yet do this on the receipt of a prescription from an authorised person e.g. a doctor. According to the im go againstiality (The Medicines Act 1968) medicines can be habituated by a third party, e.g. a suitably trained thrill twister, to the person that they were intended for when this is strictly in accordance with the directions that the prescriber has devoted. The Misuse of Drugs Act 1971 and Amendments 1985, 2001 bring out morehandling medical specialtyThis controls dangerous or otherwise harmful medicates designated as Controlled drugs. (CD) The main intent of this act is to prevent the misuse of controlled drugs. Some CDs ar prescribed drugs employ to treat mischievous pain. Some people abuse them by taking them when there is no clinical reason. Thepurpose of the ma ndate impacts on channelize homes by requiring special arrangements for storage, government, memorializes and disposition. The misuse of drugs (Safe custody) Amendment Regulation 2007 This specifies how controlled drugs ar stored and is referred to in the Standards for disquiet homes. Controlled drugs must be kept in a Controlled drugs storage locker that complies with these regulations. The regulations specify the quality, construction, method of fixing and lock and key for the cupboard. The safer management of controlled drugs (2006)This specifies how controlled drugs are stored, administered and disposed of. Controlled drugs must be kept in a controlled drugs cabinet that complies with these regulations. Records must be made for all controlled drugs transactions. interest Home Regulations 2001Regulation 13 states that a interpreted provider must make arrangements for the arranging, handling, safekeeping, safe administration and disposal of medicines received into the sell home. This applies to all medicines including controlled drugs. health & Safety at Work Act 1974To maintain safety for all in the body of work your employer must image that any(prenominal)one administering medical specialty has attended the appropriate training. The risks associated with the handling or administration of any medicine should be assessed for both staff and patients. Control of Substances Hazardous to Health Regulations 2002 (COSHH) The law requires employers to control exposure to raving mad substances for both employees and others who whitethorn be exposed and to ensure employees and properly in human bodyed, trained and supervised. assistance Standards Act 2000Regulates and inspects redevelopments utilize by people for premeditation advantages, provides guidance and culture. The Act, has a major impact on the quality of care provided to children and vulner qualified adults, and could make the ashes of regulation and inspection of care in particular simpler, more transparent and navigable. All care including that provided by local authorities falls inside the scope of the Act. Its key aliment are * The creation of a case Care Standards Com girlfriendion (NCSC) for England to under issue theregulation of care. * The creation of a General Social Care Council (GSCC) for England and a Care Council for Wales to register social workers, regulate the training of the social care workforce and raise standards in social care through the production of codes of conduct and the maintained of a register of social care staff Access to Health Records Act 1990The act defines who can see medical records. The singular can see his or her own records, but nobody else can except with the several(prenominal)s permission. This includes next of kin and friends.Data Protection Act 1998The Act applies to any organisation that keeps personal records on a computer to register as a data user and they must comply with specific regulations. They must be secure, allow the individual to do access to their records, record only germane(predicate) information, only be use for its stated purpose. Hazardous Waste Regulation 2005Dispensed medication for individual assistant users either at home or in a care setting can be described as household unwarranted or is covered by the Hazardous Waste Regulations 2005. These medications can be returned to the dispensing pharmacist for disposal. However, care situations that provide nursing care non covered by this legislation and must make their own arrangements for the disposal of unwanted medicine through a clear waste management company. at that place should be a written policy in view which describes the local procedure for recording of unwanted medication to be returned to the pharmacist. All medication should be put down and signed for by the receiving pharmacist and a copy kept by the organisation.National Minimum Standards* Standards 9.5 and 20.7 states that controlled drugs shoul d be kept in a designated CD cupboard until staff are responsible for giving them to people. * Standards 9.7 and 20.9 Controlled drugs should be given by care workers who extradite been trained and designated to do so. Another trained and designated member of staff should witness this process. * Standards 9.8 and 20.11 care homes should keep additional records of receiptadministration and disposal of controlled drugs in a register. Working in line with your organisations policies and procedures enable you to work in line with best practice and the law (legislation). There must be a policy at your work distinguish for the receipt, recording, storage, handling, administration and disposal of medicines. suit your policies and procedures file which should list the procedures relating to administration of medication with regards to your job role. 2.1 car park side personal dos from medicinesAll medicines can strengthly cause side effects or uncomely reactions and these can vary fro m person to person. Side effects may be mild or extreme enough to be life threatening. Common side effects include rashes, stiffness, breathing difficulties, shaking, swelling, headaches, nausea, drowsiness, vomiting, constipation, diarrhoea, weight gain. Side effects can either present as one symptom or as a combination of symptoms. Staff must monitor all medication given and record and adverse reactions in the service users care/ validate plans. The service users GP must be contacted and the medication stopped until informed otherwise. All medication should come with a description leaflet, which lists possible side effects.These should be carry for future reference. If medication for service users come in MDS packs then(prenominal) the pharmacist should be contacted for information on all medication dispensed in this manner. one-time(a) people are especially susceptible to reacting adversely to medication and are often already taking many different types of medication. Staff should be particularly vigilant with older people. Common adverse reaction symptoms in older people are rest slightness, falls, confusion, drowsiness, depression, constipation, incontinence, and Parkinsons symptoms. Policies and procedures should be put in place locally, describing the locomote to be conserveed in the event of an adverse reaction to a medicine, whether minor or life threatening.Read moreMedication to Individuals EssayCommon types of medicationTypes of medication Function Antibiotics To fight infection Analgesics To relievepain Anti-histamines To relieve allergy symptoms Antacids For digestion Anticoagulants To prevent tear clots Psychotropic medicines which interact with the nervous system Diuretics apply to get rid of excess fluid Laxatives To alleviate constipation Hormones E.g. steroids or insulin Cytotoxic medicines to treat some forms of cancerMedication Common side effects Hypnotics and sedatives Temazepam and Nitrazepam Causes drowsiness in the morning A ntibiotics such(prenominal) as Erythromycin and Amoxicillin Nausea and vomiting, diarrhoea and skin rashes. AnalgesicsStrong painkillers such as codeine and morphine Nausea and vomiting, drowsiness, confusion and constipation. Antidepressants such as Amitriptyline becoming sleepy and confused.2.2Some medication which demands the measurement of specific physiological measurements are as look out Insulin (blood glucose testing) to ensure the blood glucose is not in addition high (which prevents healing and increases the risk of damage to the nerve endings among many other effects) or too low (could attract a loss of consciousness for example) and warfarin (a blood thinner) which requires the blood to be checked regularly to monitor how effective the drug is i.e. is it preventing the blood being too thin (which could cause an internal bleed) or under anti-coagulated leaving the patient atrisk of blood clots. There is also Digoxin. The pulse should be record prior to administration of the drug.Also a test is used to monitor the concentration of the drug in the blood. The dose of digoxin prescribed may be adjusted depending on the level measured. A doctor may order one or more digoxin tests when a person begins treatment to fit if the initial dosage is within therapeutic range and then order it at regular intervals to ensure that the therapeutic level is maintained. Apart from the administration of insulin you may not be expected to turn over a full knowledge of the others above or to play out the clinical activities but there should be an awareness of the reasons for clinical monitoring and to ensure that these take place as directed by a clinician.2.3The individuals you work with may experience unwanted or adverse effects aft(prenominal) the administration of medication and you need to recognise this and take action. Adverse effects could be * Anaphylactic shock tops sometimes after the use of an antibiotic. * Swelling of body parts, skin changes, breat hing difficulties etc. If you observe any adverse changes you need to attend the l countenance down procedures at your workplace which you need to write out to support your answer of the appropriate action to take. * propound the manager and seek professional help immediately. * Observe the individual* record all adverse reactions and action taken* Treat the symptoms following clinical advice.* Record the medicine and reaction in the care plan and vitiate graph.* Inform the individuals own doctor and the pharmacist as soon as possible.2.4 institution Route* oral by mouth, tablets and syrups* Aural ear drops* rectal suppositories* Vaginal tablets, creams* Sublingual under tongue* Nasogastric via a nasogastric tube* Buccal between the lips and gums* Inhaled into lungs via inhaler or nebuliser* Ocular/ophthalmic eye drops* Nasal sprays, drops* topical skin creams* Intra venous outright or via a drip into a vein* Intramuscular injection into muscle* Subcutaneous inje ction into subcutaneous class of skin* Transdermal injection under top layer of skin, patches e.g. HRT* Peg Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy medicines are introduced via a PEG tube which has been inserted directly into the service users stomach.3.1/2Using a few of the different routes of administration highlight the materials or equipments involved. For example * A service user who has a severe chest condition may require a nebulizer. This devise pumps air through a mask/mouthpiece that contains the medicine in a chamber. The medicine is converted into a fine mist and the service user inhales the medicine. * Oral administration spoon, pill pot, water, gloves* Topical administration gloves to avoid cross contamination and potential harm to yourself.5.3An example of this would be what to do when you make an fault in administration of medication. Anyone can make a mistake but it is principal(prenominal) that you account the incident immediately to your manager to avoid any damage or deterioration to the health of the individual. Your workplace should view as a policy in place of what to do when an error in administration has been made and why. Read and summarise. If you have administered medicine to an individual and they develop an adverse effect which you are not qualified to handle you need to report following the procedures at your workplace. Medication errors happen, but you should report errors immediately. An error in the administration of a medicine can be at best inconvenient or at worstfatal. Common medication errors include * Under administration* Over administration* In crystallise medication* In condition prescription* Non administration* Non recording* Administration of wrong medicine to wrong service user* Administration at wrong time.When any error in administering medication occurs, the local procedure must be followed immediately and should include the following timbers- * Report immediately to your line manager and follow directi ons given * Report immediately to the prescriber/GP/pharmacist and follow directions given * If serious error is made the service user may need infirmary treatment * Document error fullyAll incidents should be fully investigated, the results documented and every possible action taken to prevent the mistake accident again. If serious negligence or an attempt to cover up the mistake is discovered, this should be treated as a disciplinary offence. Failure to record medication errors is a Registration Offence for qualified staff and should be reported to the NMC. The Care Commission and CQC also require to be notified of medication errors.5.5Even if an individual wishes to self administer their medication it is still necessary to maintain a record of their current medication as stated in the National nominal standards which states The service user, following assessment as able to self administer medication, has a lockable space in which to store medication, to which suitably trained, designated care staff may have access with the service users permission It is necessary to confirm that the individual actually takes the medication because you are required to free the ruin (Medicines Administration record) accurately. If the individual passed the medication to another individual, that personcould become seriously ill as could the person who the medication was intended for. You are responsible for the administration and its accuracy and it is your obligation of care to protect individuals from harm.5.7CONTROLLED DRUGSSpecial arrangements apply to the disposal of Controlled Drugs (CDs) in care homes registered to provide nursing care in England and Wales * If supplied for a named person denature CDs exploitation a kit designed for this purpose and then consign to a licensed waste disposal company * If supplied as a stock for the care home (nursing) an authorised person must witness the disposal. For all other social care settings, the CDs should be returned to the pharmacist or dispensing doctor who supplied them at the earlier opportunity for safe denaturing and disposal. When CDs are returned for disposal, a record of the return should be made in the CD record book. It is good practice to obtain a signature for receipt from the pharmacist or dispensing doctor. Handling non prescribed controlled drugs and their disposalSometimes people bring unlawful substances into care homes. The care setting should take advice from local police and if necessary the Serious and Organised Crime Agency concerning appropriate procedures for dealing with this. Homecare providers should devise policies and procedures in relation to service users using illicit drugs. This may include a requirement for care workers to vacate the premises if a service user is smoking, consuming or injecting illegal substances. Legal advice should be sought in situations where care workers may be at risk of aiding and abetting a service user to perform an illegal act.DISPOSAL OF MEDICINESAll care settings should have a written policy for the safe disposal of surplus, unwanted or expired medicines. When care staff are responsible for the disposal, a complete record of medicines should be made The normal method for disposing of medicines should be by returning them to the supplier. The supplier can then ensure that these medicines are disposed ofin accordance with current waste regulations. In England, care homes (nursing) must not return medicines to a community pharmacist but use a licensed waste management company. Additional advice is provided by CQC in safe disposal of waste medicines from care homes (nursing).The situations when medicines might need to be disposed of include * A persons treatment has changed or is discontinued the remaining supplies of it should be disposed of safely (with the persons consent) * A person transfers to another care service they should take all of their medicines with them, unless they agree to dispose of any that ar e no longer necessary * A person dies. The persons medicines should be kept for septenary days, in case the Coroners Office, Procurator Fiscal (in Scotland) or courts ask for them * The medicine reaches its expiry date. Some medicine expiry dates are cut when the product has been opened and is in use, for example, eye drops. When applicable, this sis stated in the product information leaflet (PIL). All disposals of medicines must be clearly documented. do Medication To Individuals EssayThe Medicines Act 1968. This governs the control of medicines for human and veterinary use which includes the manufacture and supply of medicines the Act defines three categories of medicine- 1. Prescription completely Medicines (POM) These are available only from the chemist /pharmacy if prescribed by GP. 2. Pharmacy Medicines Available from the pharmacy but without a prescriptions 3. General Sales List (GSL) Medicines which may be bought from any shop without a prescriptions.Human Medicines Regu lations 2012These Regulations set out a complex regime for the authorisation of medicinal products for human use, Manufacture, import, distribution, sale and supply of those products. For the labelling and advertising and for drug safety.See moreMasters of Satire John Dryden and Jonathan Swift EssayThe Misuse Of Drugs Act 1971This act performs three classes of controlled substances A, B, and C, and ranges of penalties for illegal or unlicensed possession and possession with the intent to supply are graded differently within each class. The lists of substances within each class can be amended by order so the Home Secretary can list new drugs and upgrade or downgrade or de-list previously controlled drugs with less of the bureaucracy and delayThe Misuse of Drugs (Safe Custody) Regulations 2001.The Misuse of Drugs Act controls the export, import, supply and possession of dangerous or otherwise harmful drugs. In effect the Act mostly renders unlawful all activities in the drugs contro lled under the act except provided for under the regulations made under the Act. The drugs which are subject to the control of the Misuse of Drugs Act 1971 Health Act 2006An Act to make provision of the prohibition of smoking in certain premises, places and vehicles and for amending the minimum age of persons to whom tobacco may be sold, to make provisions in relation to the prevention and control of health care associated infection, to make provisions in relationto the management and use of controlled drugs, to make provision in relation to the management and use of controlled drugs, to make provision in relation to the supervision of certain dealings with medicinal products and the running of pharmacy premises and nigh orders under the Medicines Act 1968 and orders amending that Act under the Health Act 1999 Health and Social Care Act 2008 (2012)The main focus of the Health and Social Care Act 2008 was to create a new regulator whose aim and purpose was to provide registration an d inspection of health and adult social care go together for the first time, with the aim of ensuring safety and quality of care for service users. The Care Quality Commission was established by statute, with enhanced powers to regulate principal(a) care services, including hospitals, GP practices, Dental practices, Ambulance Services and Care Homes. These powers include failing registration, fines and even closing practices down which do not adhere to the Fundamental Standards in Quality and Safety. This cohesive approach has led to the CQC becoming one of the most powerful regulatory bodies in the UK.Read moreThe Health and Social Care Act 2012 made minor changes to the 2008 Act, but for the purposes of Health and Adult Social Care professionals looking at the registration and inspection regime, this only marrowed to terminological clarification, a strengthening of the relationship between the CQC and Monitor and the establishment of The Healthwatch England Committee as part of the CQC. In addition to this the following institutions have been abolished The Office of the Health Professions Adjudicator, The National Information Governance Board for Health and Social Care, The National Patient Safety Agency and The NHS Institute for Innovation and Improvement. The Controlled Drugs (Supervision and management And Use) Regulations 2006 The Misuse of Drugs Regulations 2001 divide controlled drugs (CDs) into louver schedules corresponding to their theraputic usefulness and misuse potential. A Number of changes affecting the prescribing, record keeping and destruction of CDs have been introduced as a result of amendments to the Misuse Of Drugs Regulations 2001.The Controlled Drugs (Supervision of focal point and Use) Regulations 2006 came into effect on 1st January 2007. The Health and Safety at Work Act The Health and Safety at Work Act 1974 is also referred to as JSWA, The HSW Act, The 1974 Act orHASAWA. This is the primary piece of legislation covering occu pational health and safety in Great Britain. The Health and Safety Executive with local authorities (and other enforcing authorities) is responsible for enforcing the Act and a number of other Acts and Statutory Instruments relevant to the working environment. Essential Standards (Regulation 13) 2008.2010 This is a very small part in Regulation 13 as in, The registered pewrson must have suitable arrangements in place for obtaining and acting in the best interest of the individual. Where they are able to give valid consent to the examination, care, treatment and support they receive. Understand and know how to change any decisions about examination, care, treatment as in medication and support that has been previously agreed, can be confident that their human rights are respected and taken into account accordance with the consent of service users in relation to the care and treatment provided for them.Data Protection Act 1998 The Acts definition of personal data covers any data tha t can be used to rank a living individual. Individuals can be identified by various means including their names and address, telephone number or email address. The Act applies only to data which is held or intended to be held on computers (equipment operating automatically in response to instructions given for that purpose) or held in a relevant filing system. Control Of Substances Hazardous to Health (COSHH) Regulations 2002 The occupational use of nano materials is regulated under the Control of Substances Hazardous to Health (COSHH) is the law that requires employers to control substances that are hazardous to health and includes nano materials. This covers controlled drugs as well The Environmental Protection Act 1990 & The Waste and Contaminated land Order 1997 place a Duty Of Care on anyone who produces, collects, treats and disposes of waste.This includes feminine hygiene, clinical, sharps, medicines, dental wastes, confidential waste or other waste to be recycled. The main principles of duty of care are about documenting the transfer of waste and checking up on anyone you transfer waste to (e.g. if they are a registered carrier of waste, if they are taking waste to suitably licensed / permitted sites). You should only use a Contractor who can provide proof of compliance with the legislation. Hazardous Waste Regulations 2005 The regulations replaced the special waste regulations 1996 in England and fully meet the requirements of the Hazardous Waste Directive.The regulations suppress the current need to pre-notify the Environment Agency before hazardous waste can be moved off site, and include a simpler method for track wastes once they have been moved. The include a new system to ensure that certain sites where hazardous waste is produced are notified to the Environment Agency. This forget improve the social unit regulation of the hazardous waste chain from source site to waste site. These regulations had previously amended certain clinical, medic inal and dental wastes they are now stirred by the new Regulations as well as you must not mix hazardous with non-hazardous waste. Soft/hard Clinical waste, Sharps and pharmaceutical-sharpesThis waste may be classed as hazardous, due to its infectious nature. The Department of Health has produced important new guidance in Safe heed of Healthcare waste. Offensive waste-Sanitary, Incontinence, red lidded sharps.Feminine hygiene, nappy and incontinence and fully discharged syringes are not classed as hazardous or special waste and do not require consignment notes. The Guideline policies and procedures in the Care Home I work in In my workplace, I have accessCommon Types of Medication makePotential Side EffectsAnalgesics. e.g. ParacetamolAnalgesics are used to relieve pain such as headachesAddiction to these can happen if taken over a long period of time. Also, irritation of the stomach, liver damage and sleep disturbances as some analgesics contain caffeine.Antibiotics. e.g. Amoxicil linAntibiotics are used to treat infections that are caused by bacteria Diarrhoea, feeling sick and vomiting are the most common side effects. Some people get a fungal infection such as thrush aftertreatment with antibiotics for a longer period of time. More serious side-effects of antibiotics include kidney problems, blood disorders, increased sensitivity to the sun and deafness. However, these are rare.Antidepressants. e.g. CitalopramAntidepressants work by changing the chemical balance in the brain and that can in turn change the psychological state of the mind such as depression Common side effects include blurred vision, dizziness, drowsiness, increased appetite, nausea, restlessness, shaking or trembling and difficulty sleeping. Other side effects include, dry out mouthy, constipation and sweating Anticoagulants. e.g. WarfarinAnticoagulants are used to prevent blood clottingA side effect common to all anticoagulants is the risk of extravagant bleeding (Haemorrhages) This is because these medicines increase the time that it takes clots to form. If clots take too long to form, then you can experience excessive bleeding. Side effects may include handout blood in your urine or faeces, severe bruising, prolonged prizebleeds (Lasting longer than 10 Minutes) Blood in your vomit, coughing up blood unusual headaches, emergent sever put up pain and difficulty breathing or chest pain. Some Side effects with warfarin include rashes, diarrhoea, nausea (Feeling sick) and vomiting expose Medication Which Demands The Measurement of Specific Physiological MeasurementsDescribe The Common Adverse Reactions To Medication, How Each Can Be Recognised And the Appropriate Action(s) RequiredUnexpected adverse reactions can happen for any drug potentially that an individual is taking. For example one individual I work a person may have an adverse reaction to penicillin, anaphylactic shock the signs of this are the swelling of for example the lips or face, a skin rash and t he individual may also have breathing difficulties. This is why it is important that all information about an individual is recorded in full in their care plan and on the MAR sheet.Other severe adverse reactions could include a fever and skin blistering if adverse reactions are not treated they could fatal. These usually occur within an hour of the medications being administered. Sometimes adverse reactions can develop a few weeks after and may cause damage to the kidneys or liver.If a service user at my place of work happened to have an adverse reaction to a medication, I would notify the Nurse on duty and/or ingleside Manager. It would be up to them to contact the local GP for advice, and if necessary to make arrangements to get the service user to hospital for treatment.Explain the Different Routes Of Medicine AdministrationRoutes Of AdministrationExplanationInhalationInhalers and nebulisers are used for individuals who have respiratory conditions as these deliver the medication directly to the lungs. Conditions such as Asthma and COPD OralThis medication is taken via the mouth. This can be in the form of tablets and capsules. If am individual finds it difficult to swallow tablets oral medication is also available in liquids, suspensions and syrups. Sub lingual medications are for example when tablets are placed under the tongue to dissolve quickly TransdermalTransdermal medications come in the form of patches that are applied to the skin normally to the chest or upper arm. They work by allowing the medication to be released slowly and then absorbed. For example, Hormone rehabilitation Therapy (HRT) patches and nicotine patches.TopicalTopical medications come in the form of creams and gels and are applied directly to the skin surface usually to treat skin conditions. instillation instilment medications come in the form of drops or ointments and can be instilled via the eyes, nose or ears. Drops can be used for ear or eyeinfections. olfactory organ sprays are used for treating for example hay fever.IntravenousIntravenous medication enters directly into the veins and absorbed quickly. This route can only be done by a doctor or trained nurseRectal/VaginalRectal medications are absorbed very quickly. Suppositories are available and are given into the rectum. Pessaries are given into the vagina. Only after training can these medications be administered.SubcutaneousSubcutaneous medications are injected just beneath the skin i.e. insulin is administered in this way. Only after training can these medications be administered.IntramuscularIntramuscular medication is injected directly into the large muscles in the body, i.e. the legs or bottom. This route can only be done by a doctor or trained nurse.Administer medication to individuals EssayCurrent legislation, guidelines, policies and protocols relevant to administering medication are- The Medicines Act 1968 requires that local pharmacist or dispencing doctor is responsible for supplying m edication. The Misuse of Drugs Act 1971 controls dangerous and harmful drugs, I.e. controlled drugs (CDs) The Misuse of Drugs and the Misuse of Drugs Regulations 2007 specifies about handling, record keeping and storing controlled drugs correctly. The Safer Management of Controlled Drugs Regulations 2006 specifies how controlled drugs are stored, administered and disposed of.Common types of medication include-Medication Effects Side effectsPareacetamolIt is commonly used for the relief of headaches and other minor aches and pain Mild to no side effects. Prolonged daily use increases the risk of upper gastrointestinal complications such as stomach bleedingOmeprazole suppresses gastric acid discrimination by specific inhibition of the H+/K+-ATPase in the gastric parietal cell. By acting specifically on the proton pump, omeprazole blocks the final step in acid production, thus reducing gastric acidity headache, diarrhea, abdominal pain, nausea, dizziness, trouble awakening and sle ep deprivation Levothyroxine Levothyroxine is approved to treat hypo thyroidalism and to suppress thyroid hormone release in the management of cancerous thyroid nodules and growth of goiterrs.See moreFirst Poem for You EssayLevothyroxine may increase the effect of blood thinners such as warfarin. Therefore, monitoring of blood clotting is necessary, and a decrease in the dose of warfarin may be necessary. AsprinUsed to relive minor aches and pains such as headaches. It can be also used to thin the blood to reduce the possibility of a blood clots, heart attacks and strokes. acetylsalicylic acid use has been shown to increase the risk of gastrointestinal bleeding2 Medication that demands the measurement of specific psychological measurements includes Spironolactone blood pressure Furosemide- bloodpressureDigoxin blood pressureWarfarin INR blood test3Common side effects to medication includeSide effects How can be prize Actions requiredWeight gain Visual and my weighing Diet contr olConstipation Not being able to pass a bowel interrogative sentence LaxitivesDrowsiness soulfulness being very sleepy Rest until drowsiness bumps off Rashes Visual appearance on the skin Stop medication and consult GP Vomiting Person is vomiting Consult GPDiahorreaPerson having loose bowlesSeek advice from GPSwelling Swelling of limbs face ectStop medication and consult GP Breathing difficulties Person finding in difficult to breath Ring 999 4Different routes of medicine administrationOral tablets, capsules, liquids etc. These are swallowed by the person. Sublingually tablets or liquids are administered under the tongue for speed of absorption. Inhalation administration this is breathed in through the nose or mouth so its delivered straight into where it is most needed i.e. the lungs. Intramuscular (IM) injection administration injected into large muscles onto the body e.g. legs, bottom. Can only be performed by a trained doctor or nurse.Intravenous (IV) injection administr ation administered directly into the veins so it is rapidly absorbed into the body.Subcutaneous injection medicine is injected directly under the skin, most common type of medicine injected in this way is insulin.Instillation administration these can be a suspension or liquid and can be administered in a number of ways via ear nose or eyes. Rectal Administration these are usually suppositories and are absorbed into the body quickly by this route. Vaginal administration only really used to treat conditions in the vagina such as thrush Topical application administration creams, ointments and gels are applied to the skin. Transdermal patch this is applied the skin for slow absorption into the body.Explain the types, function and purpose of equipment and materials used when administering medication.Type Purpose and functionGloves They protect the skin and stops cross contaminationAprons They protect cloth and create a barrier which helps prevent cross contamination Sharps bin Thi s is used for the safe disposal of needles etc.Needles These are available in an array of sizes so they are specific to the function and occupant using them. They are used to inject insulin into diabetics Syringe These are available in different sizes and are used to obtain the correct amount on medication. Medication pots These are used to safely transport and hold the medication before being administered to the nonmigratory physician. Monitored dosage system (MDS) This is system pharmacists use to dispense medicines and must be used with accordance to the MAR record. inhalers You can also compliance aids such as Aerochambers to aid to inhale the medicine correctly.The required information on prescriptions and medications charts includeThe name or names and address of the patient or patients.The name and quantity of the drug or device prescribed and the directions for use. The date of issue.Either rubber stamped, typed, or printed by hand or typeset, the name, address, and telep hone number of the prescriber, his or her license classification, and his or her federal registry number, if a controlled substance is prescribed.StrengthThe time the medication should be administered.Outcome 4In order to ensure I follow standards to prevent infection control I must make sure that I wash mu hands before and after each resident. You should always wear gloves if you run the risk of handling them inadvertently if they are cytotoxic. Medicines should always be stored in a clean and tidy environment.All medication a resident takes will be recorded on the MDS chart and all staff trained in administering medication will know how to record and understand the MAR charts. If resident B requests some pain relief you should always refer to the MDS chart to see what type of pain relief medication they are taking. It will also state how often they can have the medication and by what route the medication should be given. When preparing medication you should always refer to the MDS chart as it will tell you the exact time that the resident had their last pain relief. If it is ok to give the resident the medication then you should prepare the medication and then take it straight to the person. You should then immediately record the transaction onto the MDS chart either by signing it to say that the medicine has been taken or recording the reason for non-administration. This is done be a code described on the MDS chart.You have to obtain the residents consent before administering them their medication. They must know what the medication they are taking and have the right to refuse medication. The resident may ask what their medication is for and I must give them this information. If a resident is not commensurate of making an informed choice i.e. the resident has got a mental illness and it is essential that that resident has their medication then it may have to be administered covertly (hidden or disguised in food) this must only be done after discussion with a doctor.All medication for each individual resident will be stored in MDS and are clearly labelled so selecting to correct medication is easier. After selecting all the correct medication with accordance to the MDS chart you should then check you have the correct type and dosage against the MDS chart. If any medicines have to be prepared for example having 10mls of lactulose you should ensue you prepare the correct amount them double check the amount against the MDS chart.There are different routes for administering medication. You should always read the label of medication to ensure that are administering it in in the correct way. If you are giving insulin to a resident it is important toalternate sites of injection, so you must look in their insulin record book to see which site was used for the last injection. You must also make sure that the site is clean before you inject.You must ensure that you give the correct medication at the correct dose by the correct route at the corr ect time with agreed support. You must always use the medication system in place at the home and make sure that medication is given as stated on the MDS charts. My doing this you will stay in line with legislation and the homes policies.There may be immediate problems when administering medication which have to be resolved and reported such as Missed medication the medication may have been missed as the resident was asleep, or because they go out regular social events. If they miss their medication on a regular occasion that you should blab out to their GP or pharmacist to see if their medication regime can be changed so it is more suited therefore they do not miss medications. Spilt medication this may occasionally happen you may knock over a resident dispersible aspirin, if this happens you should give them the last dose from the MDS blister pack and record to say why this is missing. A person decides not to take prescribed medication you must find out why the person is choosi ng not to take their medication.You can explain the side effects if the person does not take their medication but you cannot force then to take it. You must inform their GP of their wishes not to take the medication. Wrong medication used mistakes can happen in social care especially if poor systems are in place. If a medication error has been made you must follow the correct procedures. You must seek advice from a doctor to make sure the medication that has been given in error does not react with any other medication that the resident is taking. You must them fill out an incident report. Adverse reaction these may occur when a resident takes any medicine. They may have been taking the medication for a short or long time before that reaction happens. It is important to document the reaction when it occurs and inform the doctor. All of the above must be reported to the senior member on shift and also recorded in their care notes.When administering medication you must monitor the re sident throughout so you can observe if any adverse reaction are taking place. If any adverse reactions are taking place you must take the appropriate action depending on the type of reaction. This must then also be recorded in their care notes and their doctor will also have to be informed.It is necessary to confirm that the resident has taken their medication and does not pass it on to others as the medication if taken by another resident may be harmful to them. The resident if they have mental health issues may not realise that the medication is only for them to take and may believe them to be sweets. You must also ensure they take them so that you can sign the MDS chart or else you cannot correctly sing the chart as you are signing to say they have took the medication. You should only leave medication with a resident if a risk assessment has been carried out.All medication must be stored in a locked dry room. The room must not be above 25 to ensure that they are stored within th eir product licences and their stability is maintained. The MDS chart must also be stored in a locked cupboard as all information about a resident medication is confidential. The drugs trolleys whilst in use must be kept in good vision in order to maintain security. After each medication round the trolleys must be locked up in the locked cupboard at the senior member on shift should hold the keys to this room in order to maintain security.Any out-of-date and part used medication must be sent back in the correct way in accordance to your MDS. All medication must be counted and recorded on the medication returns record. You have to record which residents medication it is, what strength, the amount being returned and the reason for disposal. Two members of staff have to sign and count the medication being returned, the pharmacist then collects the medication and will return the receipt that the homes keeps to record that the medication has been returned.

Pro Same Sex Marriage Essay

Marriage is very important as it is give tongue to to be the union or evidently binding of a sealed person to another by the power of issue and of the sacred sacrament of God through the biblical and religious means. The agreement of the couple with the analogous genders is not a result of allowing the alike(p) rouse pairing policy hence it professional personvides a reflection on the wider meaning of much(prenominal) social relationships trans systema skeletaleation (Cossman). The transformation of the relationship into a different pairing of couples from the pair of different gender to become aforesaid(prenominal) put forward in the 20th century introduced a good idea of better social understanding. According to the new definition of join ceremony same sex marriage is covered by the willingness of a certain person to get bonded with another of his or her same sex and therefore in conveys a mutual sense towards one another (Cossman). In the pro same sex marriage dec ision makings, the most(prenominal) important focus is close the security of proper office of rights as well as responsibilities of such people involved. It also includes the security of being private and of course the establishment of a real family by the might to raise and rear children (Cossman). In Morris Kaplans arguments about the true essence of marriage justice, democracy of the present century is discussed as friction matchity and freedom of the gays and lesbians regarding their relationships and marriage wherein protection of their social status is included such as voidance of discrimination. Kaplan also argued that people or individual of the same sex should be portrayn up their freedom to enhance themselves and polish their human existence through their own concept of shaping lives and thus searching for identity (Kaplan). Morris Kaplan discussed that same sex marriage is the justification of such behaviors that an individual could apply to reality. As it was said in the quotation of Oscar Wilde on the year 1895 that such love emotion does not give name so as age to the person he love from the same sex as it was in the relationship between David and Jonathan wherein Plato created his rational philosophy. This said philosophy could be determined in the sonnets composed mainly by two certain authors such as Michelangelo and also Shakespeare. It is defined as a certain deep spiritual conviction and affection which could justify the purity and perfection of love (Kaplan). Same sex marriage is accepted by most of the ordering but even though there are already legal policies about the same sex marriage and thus same sex marriage would not change anything to the race and origin of a certain society. Regarding this, the journal of universality and Same Sex Marriage by Ogilvie discussed that a same sex conjugal love is considered as a certain same sex couples union, it is defined as both of their pleasure which does form an essential element into th eir relationship (Ogilvie). The Catholic Church does not definitely agree with the same sex marriage but they are concerned about the rights of the same sex couples which led them to help promote the proposal for the human rights regarding with the same sex couples. Thus, the only risk that the Catholic Church obtained by doing so is that the society becomes confused about the real understanding of human regarding with the human theology on gender or sex (Ogilvie). The primary matter that same sex unions could not argue for them to be equated on the same sex marriage is that definitely they do not base their relationship through the foe sex relationship which should basically involve a male and also a female compatibilities and thus they could not help on account of the reproduction of new offspring or family growth (Ogilvie). There are some Churches who are not against the unity of a couple from both the same sexes, an exercise of these churches is the Unitarians and also the Me tropolitan Community Church who allows the marriage of same sex couples. These two Churches are willing to bless the marriage of certain gays and/or lesbians and thus they also offer church wedding ceremonies for the said pairs of couples (Belge). Although the Church has its influence towards the mind and behavior towards the people, it is not right for them to influence or change certain peoples belief as well as peoples conceptualization towards love and marriage. It is not their task to prohibit such same sex marriage basing on their own concept and beliefs. In Canada, there had been 49% of their population on the year 1999 who agreed on legalizing the same sex marriage wherein it left the other options with the lesser remaining percentage of the population, then made the marriage of individuals with the same sex legal on the year 2003 by some of the regional courts in Canada (Belge). The statistics of pro same-sex marriage in Canada which spread out to America indicates the conc ept of Canadians towards the belief that when two people love apiece other, then they should be allowed to have a legal marriage wherein their rights as a couple to be recognized, respected, and thus treated equally by the society should be implemented properly (Belge). In general, pro same sex marriage should be allowed and thus should be recognized by everyone as equal as such society recognizes the marriage of two people with opposite sex. This is for the reason that the same sex couples purity and concept of love might be just as the same as the purity and conviction of a normal couples love for each other. Therefore, pro same sex marriage reflects an unconditional love which does not pick gender, age, and/or any other factor.Works CitedBelge, Kathy. Pro Gay Marriage wherefore Gay Marriage Should Be Legal. (2007). December 11 .Cossman, Brenda. Sexual Citizens The Legal and Cultural Regulation of Sex and Belonging. Stanford University Press, 2007.Kaplan, Morris B. Sexual Justi ce Democratic Citizenship and the Politics of Desire. Routledge, 1997.Ogilvie, Matthew. Catholicism and Same-Sex Marriage. Australian EJournal of Theology.5 (2005).

Hamlet: Tragic Hero, Indecisive Villain

Let it be kn accept that village spent every single act of Hamlet, give or take a few scenes, attempting to justify a agent to follow finished with cleanup spot his uncle. He suffered through a brutal, miserable, and more-than-slightly ridiculous period of time where his in close indefatigably tore him to emotional shreds. Throughout the play, Hamlets actions (and inaction) were dictated by intense opposing factors of the id, ego, and topnotchego factors of the mental valet de chambre psyche. Hamlets id reflected his burning want for a sexual relationship with his mother, the ego was characterised by the grueling lengthy time period Hamlet spent trying to finalize his decision, and the superego was defined by a constant ongoing battle between the ghost of index Hamlet giving Hamlet deviseions on what to do and Hamlets own person conflicts with procuring the death of his Uncle Claudius.Hamlet Feels ThingsIn Freudian psychology, the id is the impulsive part of hu valet de cham bre psyche that consists of all biological personality traits also known as it. It can be referred to as the pleasure principle, the idea that every impulse should be satisfied immediately. It instinctively decides what a universe truly wants and is salutaryest in a person when they be an infant, and seek attention at their every basic need. As it is not affected by reality or consequences, it must be greatly suppress to keep a being from making mistakes (McLeod). In context of Hamlet, Hamlets id is his unresolved, tauntingly opposed feelings for his mother, Gertrude. This Oedipus Complex allows for the physical representations of Hamlets id, which thereof intensifies his already burning desires for a sexual relationship with Gertrude as Hamlet has a palpable release for his urges (Chiu).Her character causes further conflict as she seems to consciously provoke excessive anger and passion from Hamlet, nigh evidently as she so quickly angers Hamlet from her incestuous deeds in Act 3, video 4 (and because of this, shows how she herself is affected by the Oedipus Complex and retaliates the feelings that her son has for her). Gertrude is the focus of the anger and passions of not only Hamlet, but the two other main male characters in the play as well Hamlets return and his brother, Claudius. Her strong physical and sexual appetites are broughtto life in popular film representations of Hamlet, specifically Laurence Oliviers version. In his portrayal of the closet scene, Hamlet furiously throws Gertrude on to her large, central canopied bed and continues of to verbally assault her while having her in an uncomfortably close embrace all the while.G Have you forgot me? H No, by the rood not so. You are the queen, your husbands brothers wife, and (would it were not so) you are my mother. G Nay, then Ill set those to you that can speak. H Come, come, and sit you down you shall not budge. You go not till I set you up a glass Where you may see the (inmost) part o f you. (III. 4. 18-25)Oliviers film, as others similar to it, portray a deceitful woman that uses her sexuality to arouse strong responses and powerful reaction in men, as well as to obtain an advantage over them. This gives readers and audiences a clearer view of Gertrudes character and allow a view of what affects Hamlets emotions. (Smith)Claudius himself also physically represents Hamlets id. As Claudius is the man that so rapidly replaced King Hamlet, Hamlet is able to direct negative, murderous thoughts towards him without repression. Hamlet wants to and is even directed to take Claudius life, and Hamlets grief over his father pushes him to do so. (Tuohy)Hamlet is Conflicted, As AlwaysThe ego is the sector of the human psyche that develops to mediate conflict between the unrealistic id and conflicting superego. In contrast to the how the id works through impulse and desire, the ego operates by the reality principle, determination ways to realistically attain the wishes of the id. This, however, often leads to delayed satisfaction. The id is the horse and the ego is the rider, compared Freud in one of his researches. The submissive ego is often dominated by the exacting id, constantly attempting to meet the needs of the id while taking reality into account. (McLeod)The ego in Hamlet is simply his indecision and the immense amount of time it takes him to draw his decision. Hamlet frequently plays a mental mind game with himself, trying to justify finally killing his uncle but always finding a reason to put it off. Hamlets task is only to kill Claudius, but that also esteems killing the man who is living the life he wants, the man who embodies his childhood fantasies. The loathing that should drive him to kill is replaced by self-reproaches that remind him that he himself is no better than the sinner whom he is to punish. (Schaeffer)One other factor that kept Hamlet from acting was that if he did kill Claudius, he would then be king, and he did not take interest in that position. O God. I could be spring in a nutshell and count myself a king of infantile space, were it not I have bad dreams (II. ii. 248-250). If he were king, Hamlet would gladly ignore his earthly concern office. He wouldnt be able to, though, because his conscious would bother him and force him to take care of his responsibilities. (Walsh) Hamlets internal battle with himself is probably the most dominant representation of ego in the play. He is torn with emotions pity and outrage for his father, shame and scorn for his mother, and guilt over his reluctance to follow through with his orders, his responsibility than he inwardly repudiates. (Walsh)Hamlet Has Morals, Who Knew?The superego part of the human psyche incorporates the values and morals learned from an early age. The main function of the superego is to control the ids impulses, curiously those that society looks down upon such as sex and aggression. It also has the power to persuade the ego towards mora l solutions instead of just realistic ones. The superego is the most composite sect of the psyche as it is made up of two parts the conscious and the ideal self. The conscious is responsible for the emotions felt after a decision is made, which is guilt more often than anything else. The ideal self is an imaginary, made up picture of how a person ought to be. It represents career goals, how one ought to acts towards others, and how to become a performance human being in society. These two parts combine to form the superego and to aid in the attempts of hindering the id. (McLeod)In context of Hamlet, there are multiple conflicting superegos that hinder Hamlet in his decision to kill Claudius. The ghost of King Hamlet is the primary superego in favor of killing Claudius. Taint not thy mind, nor let thy soul contrive / against thy mother ought. Leave her to heaven. / And to those thoughts that in her bosom lodge / to pick and sting her. (I. v. 85-88) Hamlet is extremely conflicted, b ecause his fathers ghost put in him, and specifically ordered Hamlet to avenge his death.This unwelcome paternal superego exacts the killing of Claudius even as it forbids Hamlet to kill himself. In his request, King Hamlet reveals that because Gertrude expend so quickly to Claudius, the King feels emasculated. King Hamlet engenders sexual confusion in Hamlet as he asks him to identify with his feminized self. Claudius killed King Hamlet, and thus King Hamlet is in the feminine position of being penetrated by the man who has already penetrated his wife, according to Stone. The King impedes the sons mind by aphorism that Claudius won by lustful sin, the heart of my most seeming virtuous queen. (I. v. 53)By highlighting Gertrudes fickleness and shallowness in this quote, the ghost characterizes her as a damsel that Hamlet needs to save. Hamlet feels as if hes morally obligated to complete the task for his father, and to save his mother from such a monster, and these intense feeling s supplement as a secondary superego in favor of killing Claudius. There were many other minor superego factors opposed to killing Claudius, however. any(prenominal) were simple, such as the law, religion, and Hamlets own morals.The law simply forbid murder, especially in Hamlets case as he was the Prince of Denmark and having the prince kill the king would be an abomination. Hamlets religion held him back from his task because Hamlet was taught that killing was a sin, therefore it should not be committed and vengeance should be left to God and God alone. Hamlets own morals also stood in his way, as he had firm beliefs that killing was wrong. (Stone)Claudius himself, though he is a facet of Hamlets id, is also a representation of Hamlets superego. Hamlets loyalty to his father breaks down into subconcious identification with the brother who murdered him and is the brother now possess exactly what Hamlet desires Gertrude. Because of this, Hamlet is engrossed in a subconscious cont ention with Claudius, as heconstantly battles him for Gertrudes attentions. (Walsh)In the EndUltimately, Hamlets refusal to make a decision became his decision. My fate cries out (I. iv. 58) He is in turmoil for so long, he becomes mad with despair. His despondency seems more focused on his mothers remarriage than it does on his fathers death, even after the revelation of his uncles crime. There were countless opportunities to kill Claudius, but Hamlet always found excuses to avoid it. The real reason why Hamlet never killed Claudius killing Claudius would mean that Hamlet would also be killing a small part of himself the part that loved Gertrude..Things soon change, however. After Gertrude dies in the final scene, Hamlet no lengthy has a need to repress his sexual desires. His strength returns, and thus he is finally able to kill Claudius. After Claudius death, Hamlet no longer struggles, and can therefore finally rest (die peacefully). (Tuohy)The factors that arise from Hamlets i nability to make the decision to kill Claudius or not arise from his id, ego, and superego. The id being his desire for an Oedipal relationship with his mother, the ego being the time it took to follow through with a decision, and the superego being many factors, dominantly the ghost of King Hamlet. The id was a stronger force than the the super ego, which was the reason behind all of Hamlets emotional outbursts. Hamlet was only able to find inner peace and kill Claudius after Gertrude died, which takes the adventure of his desires away. After he had completed his mission and he did not have to live for Gertrude anymore, he could finally die in peace.

Early Childhood Care and Education and Activities of Pre School Education Essay

Introduction Early peasanthood care and Education (ECCE). A Child is born without barriers. Its needs are integrated and it is we who choose to compartmentalize them into health, nutrition, or education. Yet the child itself cannot isolate its hunger for food from its hunger for meat or its hunger for knowledge. ECCE comprises of three terms which can be defined as under Early childhood. The period that presents studyal continuum starts from conception to 8 years.NCERT has broad it to 8 years with the aim to ensure a gradual and smooth transition from pre-primary to primary education, which is structured, requires effective interface. Care- This term has been added in recognition of the incident that young children need care and nurturing. In addition to their health and nutritional needs, their psychological and emotional needs likewise have to be met adequately for their holistic development.Education-The term education covers learning, a process of acquiring knowledge, skil ls, habits and of course focuses to prepare child to entire formal educational system. Form the above comment of ECCE one can easily understand that Developments during this stage physical, language, cognitive and socio- emotional have several inter-related dimensions Each of these influence one another and are developing simultaneously Promoting a synergistic approach is the best way to ensure holistic development and learning in the child during early years.Developmentally distinguish Activities for PSE Period Since the approach to be adopted during this stage has to be non formal, activity based, play way as such certain activities for different developments are suggested as under Physical Development Gross motor development Walking, running, jumping, creeping, crawling, rolling, swinging, hopping, climbing (ascending & descending) rhythmic movements, throwing, catching and kicking a ball, walking forward and backward, balancing on foot etc. Fine Motor Development.Threading b eads, tearing/ cutting and pasting bits of paper on a given material body, playing with blocks, drawing, coloring employ crayons, painting using brush, printing, paper folding, clay work, sorting, pattern making, using manipulative material, pouring, playing with blocks, puzzles and jigsaw Playing with pebbles, buttons, twigs, leaves, shells, bottle caps, petals of flowers etc could be manipulated by a teacher. For example a figure could be gaunt on the floor and the child could be asked to arrange the outline with the pebbles etc. Language Development a) Conversation. 1. Free conversation What is your name? What did you chatter on your way to school? Market place, school ground, life at home, life in the fields (for rural children), exhibition (for urban children) etc. Children should be encouraged to narrate their personal experiences. b) Story-Telling. While narrating a story a teacher must bear certain points in mind The children must be seated in a semi circle so that the teacher is not too far from any one of them. The story should be check to the interest of the children. It should be related to the experiences they have in their day-to-day life like dogs, cats, cows, parents, sisters, friends, neighbours etc.Story should not be violent, as children tend to acquire scared easily. If the story permits voice modulation must be done for instance there must be a difference in the sound made by a cat or a dog. The story must be short and precise as it is difficult to hold the attention of children for a long time. The vocabulary used should be simple and according to the ability of the children since they become restless and lose interest in the story. The teacher should also in between introduce new words so that the vocabulary of the children increases.Story telling without any aids If able to narrate the story with seventh cranial nerve expressions, voice modulations, no aids are required. Children will enjoy the story. Story telling with aids Pictures and cards, Picture books, Puppets, Dramatization and Rhymes and songs Pre- Reading a) Verbal Discrimination relieve oneself a few objects and ask the children to identify the odd one e. g. Cow, Goat, Bus, Lion . Cabbage, cauliflower, apple, potato. b) Visual Auditory Discrimination Visual auditory discrimination cards with map paper or card board (size 9x 3). Three pictures starting with the same sound and one object starting with a different sound.E. g. Apple, axe, ant, ball, etc. c) Pre-Writing a) Joining Dots. b) colouring materialing in enclosed spaces. Development of Five Senses among Children. a) Sense of Sight ?Visual Discrimination (odd one out). ?Visual Coordination (matching). ? categorisation cards. b) Sense of Hearing (Auditory) ? Meditation ?Whispering Game ?Birds Fly 3. Sense of Smell ?Nature walk or smell walk ?Bring vigorous smelling objects to the classroom C) Sense of Taste ?Bring samples of food articles to the classroom. ?Be quick- tell the name of a sour thing. ? Picture Cards 5 Sense of Touch ?Sorting with easily available objects in the environment ?Touch cards ?Feely bag or Magic bag Development of cognitive Skills among children. Steps to be followed for the development of cognitive skills ? Observation ? Memory ? Classification ? Sequential Thinking ? Reasoning ? Problem solving Certain activities with PLM for cognitive development are as under Matching. Matching the childrens clothes. Using different dominoes like colour, shape, dot, number, alphabet dominoes etc. Run to colours Colour visual discrimination cards Seriation cards Creative activities through which Cognitive skills get enhanced Paper folding, Paper tearing/cutting and pasting, Pasting leaves.Pasting feathers, Pasting petals of flowers, Clay modeling, colour with crayons/pencil colours on drawn outlines, Finger painting, Pattern making, Vegetable printing, (using vegetable cutout like ladies finger/potato etc),Placing pebbles or beads on outlines drawn on f loor or paper etc. Socio- Emotional Development ?Guided Play ?Unguided play or spontaneous play ? order ?Excursions Health and Nutrition ?Personal hygiene/cleanliness ?Nutrition It is in place to mention here that the activities categorized in different developmental domains have calculate effect on other developments Thanks.

Alice Walker †flowers Essay

The Flowers is a story written by Alice Walker, in 1988. Its a 3th-person narrator that tells the story. The story tells us about a girl, whose micturate is Myop. She lives near a forest in a cabin with her family. Sometimes she walks in the forest with her mother, they collect nuts among the fallen leaves actually they have make it many times, so thats why Myop knows the forest very(prenominal) well. One day she is out for one of these walks, but by herself. This day something is various in the forest, and Myop decides to go home, but suddenly there is a manlying in the forest floor, just beside a wild pink rose.When first we witness Myop she is walking near her house, playing around with her stick making sounds, she is walking towards the forest. Myop is a ten-year-old girl, and it figurems like she still is a sec naive and unaw atomic number 18 of what is breathing out on in the world. This I to a fault therefor I turn over the name Myop maybe could come from the express ion myopia, which means narrow sight or shortsighted. Myopia causes that the image you see, when you look at something in a longer distance, its out of focus or most likely unaccepted to see.That day she was walking in the forest alone. She make her own path, going that way and that way, while she was collecting blue flowers. She was having fun all by herself. She seems very innocent, but also confident, because she is walking all by herself. Normally she likes to walk in the forest, and also this day until something changes, suddenly the forest doesnt feel impregnable anymore, and as a reader you get a feeling of fear on the behalf of Myop. In the text there is written the strangeness of the land made it not as pleasant as her usual haunts(page 1 line 24).Here you begin thinking of what might happen since things suddenly are different than they use to. Myop is getting insecure and afraid, so she decides to walk back home to the house, but on her way home she stumbles over someth ing. It was then she stepped smack into his eyes. Her bounder became lodged in the broken ridge between brow and nose, and she reached down quickly, unafraid, to free herself.(page 1, line 26-29). This is mayhap the first time Myop faces dead, until now she has been childish and a bit naive to the rest of the world. So I cant image that she has been faced with something so serious like this before.The man she stumbles over Im pretty sure have been an Afro-American. I say that because he was tall, had big bones and wore blue overalls, these things I mean prove that he was an Afro-American, because all of these things are typical for an Afro-American man and not a white man. Myop is also an Afro-American, this we hear in the text the stick clutched in her dark brown delve(page 1 line 9). Because of that it sort of takes a rotation in the story. I begin to think about White vs. Black people, and things like lynching or murder. There is a noose near the man, and that indicate that he might have been exposed to hanging/lynching. The item that he isnt buried is also a thing that makes me think of murder, and not a normal dead. And then there is the rose, there is only ONE pink rose, and its just beside the consistency of the man. This could might be a sign to the reader, that there maybe had been someone and laid it there, just like to a funeral where we lay flowers on the grave.This almost convinces me of the fact that the man was killed, and there have been someone who loved him to say goodbye to him. In the end of the story Myop lays her own blue flowers beside the pink rose. I think it could be a sign that Myop has changed that day, she has seen some terrifying things, and involuntarily needed to handle and think of things, which actually what just what she needed. The walk in the forest possibly made her see that the world isnt just all good, and that there is some things out in the real world, which is not what she expected but its not bad that this happe ned to her, in a way it helped her grow away from being a kid. Some day we grow up and need to see the world in a different perspective, than we do as kids. This day was the day Myop mentally grew a bit older, and may started to see the world in a different way.

If I Was Given A Second Chance To Visit This World

Birth and death are neither under our control nor a matter of natural selection People are born without much effort on their part and go out without any choice of their own. I look upon tone as a game and, when I obligate finished it, I will leave the field without any hesitation and complaint. The life on this earth is quite luxuriant for any sensitive man. But there is no harm in getting a new base of life, if one can have entirely the obedient things of life.Every child during early age of civilize read stories and fancy many of the characters portrayed in them. I once read a Chinese story illustrating this point of view. There was a man who was in hell and about to be reincarnated, and said to the King of Reincarnation, If you want me to return to the earth as a human being, I will only go on my own conditions. And what are they? asked the King. The man replied, I must be born the son of a cabinet minister and father of a future cabinet minister.I must have ten thousa nd acres of land surrounding my home and fish ponds and fruits of every kind and a bewitching wife, goodness and loving to me, and rooms stocked full of grain and trunks full to the top with money, and I myself must be a Grand Councilor or Duke of the First Rank and enjoy honor and prosperity and live until I am hundred years old. And the King of Reincarnation replied, If I were such a lot on earth, I would go and be incarnated myself, and not give it to you.This is a very reasonable answer to any man who wants to have all the good things of life. Life is to be accepted with all its joys and sorrows, with its sunny days and cloudy nights. The world in which we live is necessarily an imperfect world, and man is, as it were, sandwiched between. Therefore, I do not seek at any moment in my life a world which is perfect in all respects. If I am given the chance (I wonder, if it ever happen) to be born again, I will not coif down any unreasonable conditions unlike the man in the Chin ese story which may embarrass my Creator.I shall be glad if I am delivered upon this beautiful earth as its transient guest and asked to leave after seventy five years (I ask only for this much concession) of rough and tumble life. aft(prenominal) I have seen two generations of children and grand children I should be perfectly satisfied to rise from my seat and go away saying It was a good game and I have really played well and enjoyed my innings to the full. But before my second earthly life comes to an end, I must make fixing for the mistakes that I had committed in the first life.This time I will choose a country where people enjoy greater peace and facilities of life like United Kingdom or United States of America, or Switzerland or Norway any will do provided they do not object to my skin color. I will not go to a school where teachers take students as pitchers and try to pour into what they deem necessary. Unfortunately, some time teachers take a advised pleasure in insult ing students with their sly remarks. It does a little good to the mental advancement of back benchers and average students.I will go to a school where cricket is considered more important that literature or physics. I had enough of literature and physics, chemistry, biology and mathematics in my first life. All these subjects are good in their own way, except for myself, I am content to be less studious and more practical. later on I have finished my education, I should like to become a business executive. I do know that the life of business executive in America or any European country is not easy. I have examples of lives of Bill Gates and Steve Jobs.But what makes me comfortable is that a business executive is always too busy to think of high things such as poetry, art and contemplation on scientific notes. But I do not care for art and science if I have obvious things like the enjoyment of food, a laughing party of friends, my children ramping about on my grassy lawn or playin g on merry go round. After all life is not spirit but matter. Some of us who are spiritually inclined towards life, may not like this picture of life, but they can have their own type of life when they are born again.A business executive, as you know, makes a good deal of money, by many crafty tricks. When I have made a few millions I will charter a plane and go round the world. Singapore and Siam, Honolulu and Tokyo, geneva and New Jersey will offer all their enchantments to me. I may even go to Africa and do a bit of speculative hunting. But I am terribly afraid of lions and rhinos. I will ask somebody to kill them for me and then get myself photographed while sitting on a big lion I know the reader would be laughing at my cowardice, but this is how we big business executives do lion hunting.Now comes the sad part of the story. When I come back from my travels around the world, I go for a medical checkup. My doctor, who has specialized in all types of cancers, tells me that I am ripe for a cancer. It may be a tropic of cancer but nobody can laugh at his own indisposition. I take his word for granted and put on for a bed in one of the most modern hospital. The doctors kill me in order to find out the cancer which never existed. I die without a word of protest, because I had enough of life. I have no regrets or remorse leaving this world.

Hcs 430 Week 2 Essay

Regulatory Agency paperNameHCS/430 Legal issues in health religious service Regulations and Compliances September 27, 2010InstructorRegulatory Agency paperThe interchangeable counseling is an agency that maintains musical compositionnership with the disposal to help improve the standards of health fearfulness in spite of appearance the join States. The phrase agency accredits health headache arrangements and health worry programs by tidy sumting standards to help improve the spirit and safety of health headache. The stick thrill work closely and meets with government officials and legislation by ensuring health care organizations in the United States meet circumstantial guidelines, pose by The union accusation, which health care run provided are delivered with the highest persona and safety for the long-sufferings they service. Generally, health care organizations elect to have the joint Commission evaluate their facility finished surveyors who work under a Board of Commissioners that is made up of health care experts that advocate for consumers. explanationThe history of The enounce Commission dates back to the early 1900s. Earnest Codman M.D. created a governing body that would help hospitals interbreed their patients from the beginning of admission by discharge. The proposed result system help hospitals determine if the patients care was successful. The results influenced future patient care. By 1917, the American College of Surgeons proposed a certification program for hospitals. The first minimum standards for hospitals were also developed in 1917.Very few hospitals met the proposed standards. By the 1953, the American College of Surgeons transformed their hospital certification program to the vocalize Commission. The Joint Commission started accrediting hospitals in that same year.The Joint Commissions sponsors entangled the American College of Physicians, the American Hospital connecter, and the American medical Assoc iation (The Joint Commission, 2010). Through the years, umpteen notable changes were made, including the accreditation program for all health care organizations. Standards were developed for every(prenominal) accreditation program and updated eachyear. In 1987, the Joint Commission organization changed to the Joint agency on Accreditation of Health care Organizations (JCAHO) to reflect the organizations mission. During the 1990s the organization focused on carrying pop by advantage and measurement outcomes. By the early 2000s, the Joint Commission designed pathways that focused on improving the accreditation surgical process and establishing goals for improving the patient safety and musical note of care. Source and Scope of AuthorityThe Joint Commissions main blood line of authority is governed by the Board of Commissioners that consists of a diverse group of health care experts. The corporate members include the American College of Physicians, the American College of Sur geons, the American Dental Association, the American Hospital Association, and the American Medical Association. The Joint commission also works closely with Congress to improve the fiber and safety of health care (The Joint Commission, 2010). StructureThe structure of the Joint commission is made of a diverse group of health care experts that seek to improve health care services. The Joint Commissions Board of Commissioners and the corporate members collaborate on setting standards and requirement for health care organizations for improving health care and safety practices within the United States. The Joint Commission has set multiple standards for different health care programs. The standards and requirements must(prenominal) be approved by the Board of Commissioners. The Joint Commission also consists of several board committees that have specific areas of interest, such as executive, accreditation, performance measurement, standards, survey procedures. The Joint Commission al so has a Board of directors who help provide consults to health care and focuses on global accreditation. The board members also serve as liaisons to many groups and committees that are affiliated with the Joint commission (The Joint Commission, 2010). Day-To-Day ResponsibilitiesThe responsibilities of the Joint Commission are to set standards to help improve the quality of health care services and provide safety guidelines for health care organizations. Their mission as a nonprofit organization is to continuously improve health care (The Joint Commission, 2010). The JointCommission accredits and certifies health care organizations by surveying facilities to ensure health care standards, performance measurements, safety guidelines have been implemented and carried out for better patient. The Joint commission sets standards and guidelines in compliance with national laws to evaluate health care services. Health care organizations generally volunteer to seek accreditations from the J oint Commission by allowing expert surveyors evaluate their facility.The surveyors are made up of a multi-disciplinary team that spends an average of cardinal days inspecting health care facilities. The purpose for the inspection is to evaluate a health care facilities standards, staff, regulations, policies and procedures, and quality improvement, and performance measurement. The Joint Commission surveyors generally look to see if the organizations governing board is taking part in ensuring that the facilities has facilitated safety and quality assurance program. In order for a health care organization to qualify for an accreditation, they must certain requirements.The requirements that health care facilities must meet before applying for an accreditation are, the organization must be located the United States and governed under the United States government, the facility works on improving quality of care, the facility has an indication of services provided, the facility addresses the standards set by the Joint Commission, the facility meets the requirements Medicare and Medicaid. Other responsibilities of the Joint Commission are to strengthen the safety of patients and build the trust and confidence of communities. The Joint Commission is continuously addressing specific areas to help hospitals improve their performance measurement. Effects on Health careThe Joint Commission has a direct effect on the health care system. The standards developed by the Joint Commission help health care organizations improve their care they provide. An accreditation from the Joint Commission is a seal of eulogy that is an indication to patients that the health care facility focuses on quality care and the safety of their patients. According to Ernest, (2009, p.48) evaluating health care organizations and inspiring them to excel in providing safe and effective care of the highest quality value, However, Ernest, (2009, p.48) also argues that The Joint Commission has placed the needs of the facility it inspects above those oftheir patients. This is an indication that some of the standards set are burdensome to health care organizations and deemed unnecessary. According to (Doctors lash out, 2007), JCAHO requirements that become implemented are sometimes at odds with the real needs of patients even though they are supposedly driven to ensure patient safety. They realize control away from the physician/nurse-patient relationship where it should be. Example of Agency Carrying out DutiesAn example of an agency carrying out its duties would be the Joint Commission and their mission to improve the health care and safety for patients. Health Care organizations, such as hospitals must comply with federal and state laws to protect the health and safety of their patients. A hospital that provides different services must meet the regulations and standards set for each service provided. The duties are carried out play a role in governments funding toward health care, such as Medicare and Medicaid. These government funded programs set certain standards that hospitals and other health care organizations must adhere to in order to qualify for reimbursement. The Joint Commission has set standards that must be carried out by health care organizations compositions, structure, and daily functions. Basically, a health care organization must carry out their duties because of the responsibility that encompasses the health care system a whole. ConclusionThe Joint Commission is a nonprofit organization that is dedicated to improving the quality of health care and the safety of all patients. Their mission is to continuously improve the health care services within the United States. The Joint Commission has helped improve the quality of health care and how its delivered through a series of standards and regulations that health care organizations must comply with in order to meet the accreditation that symbolizes justice in health care delivery. Throug h much collaboration with a diverse team, health care and health care safety will continue to improve through the ongoing effort and allegiance from the Joint Commission.

Frito-lay and Snack Foods

In 1898, Caleb Bradham bought the patent rights (quy?n sang ch?) for Pepcola marking name va renamed Pepsicola. Sales increased sharply in America and expended to other continents. From here, Pepsico became multinational food and boozing corporation in United States with many famous brands of bit foods, beverages and other products. Beside the popularity of Pepsico brand on beverage, eat foods are also pay an important role in increasing annual sell gross sales on the world for Pepsi Group. Specifically, food and snack sales in North and South America combine contributed 48 percent of PepsiCos net revenue in 2009.And Fristo-Lays North America, which is combined with the Frito Company and the H. W. Lay Company, creates the tallness selling line of snack foods in the U. S, Canada and Mexico. These brands include Lays and Ruffles potato chips, Doritos tortilla chips, Tostitos tortilla chips and dips, Cheetos cheese flavored snacks, Fritos corn chips, Rold Gold pretzels, fair we ather Chips and Cracker Jack popcorn. In which, PepsiCo holds six slots in the cover 10 global snack brands. The top three brand positions are Lays (7%), Doritos (3. 6%) and Cheetos (2. 7%).Ruffles, Tostitos and Walkers also feature in the global top 10. It cannot denied that PepsiCo is a king in competitive snack industry, and fighting for a high place is a huge challenge for other snack makers, but not impossible. Pringles, ranked 4 (2. 3%) of the Top 10 snack global brand share 2013 based on retail value, is one of the most popularity snack brand of Procter & Gamble Co. The brand commands an 11% share of extruded snacks total retail value. Its main markets are Western Europe and North America, which account for a combined share of 50% of its sales at a global level.It proved that Procter & Gamble Co is a large rival in snacks global market. Kraft Foods is also a remarkable representative in this race. Although Planters, a division of Kraft Foods on snacks food, was just formed in 2000, achieved many successes with the main strength is nuts. Today Planters is open in an infinite variety of product lines ranging from Nuts & Seeds, to Mixes, Peanut Butter, Bars, and Nuts for Baking & Cooking, all accessible with Krafts Naturally Remarkable taste and quality guarantee.In general, any successful worldwide snack brand has tapped into the opportunities in these areas, and manufacturers looking to grain traction on the global scale should take prudence and invest in flavor, format and occasion innovation as well as leveraging into adjoining categories. Besides, it is also important for snack makers to establish brands firmly. Pack imaging is particularly important and a in truth powerful marketing tool to build up brand equity.